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Async.3
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Tcl_AsyncCreate(3) Tcl Library Procedures 7.0
_________________________________________________________________
NAME
Tcl_AsyncCreate, Tcl_AsyncMark, Tcl_AsyncInvoke,
Tcl_AsyncDelete - handle asynchronous events
SYNOPSIS
#include <tcl.h>
extern int tcl_AsyncReady;
Tcl_AsyncHandler
Tcl_AsyncCreate(_p_r_o_c, _c_l_i_e_n_t_D_a_t_a)
Tcl_AsyncMark(_a_s_y_n_c)
int
Tcl_AsyncInvoke(_i_n_t_e_r_p, _c_o_d_e)
Tcl_AsyncDelete(_a_s_y_n_c)
ARGUMENTS
Tcl_AsyncProc *_p_r_o_c (in) Procedure to
invoke to handle
an asynchronous
event.
ClientData _c_l_i_e_n_t_D_a_t_a (in) One-word value to
pass to _p_r_o_c.
Tcl_AsyncHandler _a_s_y_n_c (in) Token for asyn-
chronous event
handler.
Tcl_Interp *_i_n_t_e_r_p (in) Tcl interpreter in
which command was
being evaluated
when handler was
invoked, or NULL
if handler was
invoked when there
was no interpreter
active.
int _c_o_d_e (in) Completion code
from command that
just completed in
_i_n_t_e_r_p, or 0 if
_i_n_t_e_r_p is NULL.
_________________________________________________________________
Tcl 1
Tcl_AsyncCreate(3) Tcl Library Procedures 7.0
DESCRIPTION
These procedures provide a safe mechanism for dealing with
asynchronous events such as signals. If an event such as a
signal occurs while a Tcl script is being evaluated then it
isn't safe to take any substantive action to process the
event. For example, it isn't safe to evaluate a Tcl script
since the intepreter may already be in the middle of
evaluating a script; it may not even be safe to allocate
memory, since a memory allocation could have been in pro-
gress when the event occurred. The only safe approach is to
set a flag indicating that the event occurred, then handle
the event later when the world has returned to a clean
state, such as after the current Tcl command completes.
Tcl_AsyncCreate creates an asynchronous handler and returns
a token for it. The asynchronous handler must be created
before any occurrences of the asynchronous event that it is
intended to handle (it is not safe to create a handler at
the time of an event). When an asynchronous event occurs
the code that detects the event (such as a signal handler)
should call Tcl_AsyncMark with the token for the handler.
Tcl_AsyncMark will mark the handler as ready to execute, but
it will not invoke the handler immediately. Tcl will call
the _p_r_o_c associated with the handler later, when the world
is in a safe state, and _p_r_o_c can then carry out the actions
associated with the asynchronous event. _P_r_o_c should have
arguments and result that match the type Tcl_AsyncProc:
typedef int Tcl_AsyncProc(
ClientData _c_l_i_e_n_t_D_a_t_a,
Tcl_Interp *_i_n_t_e_r_p,
int _c_o_d_e);
The _c_l_i_e_n_t_D_a_t_a will be the same as the _c_l_i_e_n_t_D_a_t_a argument
passed to Tcl_AsyncCreate when the handler was created. If
_p_r_o_c is invoked just after a command has completed execution
in an interpreter, then _i_n_t_e_r_p will identify the interpreter
in which the command was evaluated and _c_o_d_e will be the com-
pletion code returned by that command. The command's result
will be present in _i_n_t_e_r_p->_r_e_s_u_l_t. When _p_r_o_c returns, what-
ever it leaves in _i_n_t_e_r_p->_r_e_s_u_l_t will be returned as the
result of the command and the integer value returned by _p_r_o_c
will be used as the new completion code for the command.
It is also possible for _p_r_o_c to be invoked when no inter-
preter is active. This can happen, for example, if an asyn-
chronous event occurs while the application is waiting for
interactive input or an X event. In this case _i_n_t_e_r_p will
be NULL and _c_o_d_e will be 0, and the return value from _p_r_o_c
will be ignored.
The procedure Tcl_AsyncInvoke is called to invoke all of the
handlers that are ready. The global variable tcl_AsyncReady
will be non-zero whenever any asynchronous handlers are
Tcl 2
Tcl_AsyncCreate(3) Tcl Library Procedures 7.0
ready; it can be checked to avoid calls to Tcl_AsyncInvoke
when there are no ready handlers. Tcl checks tcl_AsyncReady
after each command is evaluated and calls Tcl_AsyncInvoke if
needed. Applications may also call Tcl_AsyncInvoke at
interesting times for that application. For example, Tk's
event handler checks tcl_AsyncReady after each event and
calls Tcl_AsyncInvoke if needed. The _i_n_t_e_r_p and _c_o_d_e argu-
ments to Tcl_AsyncInvoke have the same meaning as for _p_r_o_c:
they identify the active intepreter, if any, and the comple-
tion code from the command that just completed.
Tcl_AsyncDelete removes an asynchronous handler so that its
_p_r_o_c will never be invoked again. A handler can be deleted
even when ready, and it will still not be invoked.
If multiple handlers become active at the same time, the
handlers are invoked in the order they were created (oldest
handler first). The _c_o_d_e and _i_n_t_e_r_p->_r_e_s_u_l_t for later
handlers reflect the values returned by earlier handlers, so
that the most recently created handler has last say about
the interpreter's result and completion code. If new
handlers become ready while handlers are executing,
Tcl_AsyncInvoke will invoke them all; at each point it
invokes the highest-priority (oldest) ready handler, repeat-
ing this over and over until there are no longer any ready
handlers.
WARNING
It is almost always a bad idea for an asynchronous event
handler to modify _i_n_t_e_r_p->_r_e_s_u_l_t or return a code different
from its _c_o_d_e argument. This sort of behavior can disrupt
the execution of scripts in subtle ways and result in bugs
that are extremely difficult to track down. If an asynchro-
nous event handler needs to evaluate Tcl scripts then it
should first save _i_n_t_e_r_p->_r_e_s_u_l_t plus the values of the
variables errorInfo and errorCode (this can be done, for
example, by storing them in dynamic strings). When the
asynchronous handler is finished it should restore _i_n_t_e_r_p-
>_r_e_s_u_l_t, errorInfo, and errorCode, and return the _c_o_d_e argu-
ment.
KEYWORDS
asynchronous event, handler, signal
Tcl 3